Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to diagnose and treat lung cancer. Unlike traditional open surgery, which requires a large incision and rib spreading, VATS involves small incisions through which a thoracoscope (a small camera) and specialized surgical instruments are inserted. The thoracoscope provides a magnified, high-definition view of the thoracic cavity, allowing surgeons to perform precise procedures with minimal trauma to the surrounding tissues. This approach has become increasingly popular for the treatment of early-stage lung cancer, including lobectomies (removal of a lung lobe) and wedge resections (removal of a small portion of the lung).

One of the primary advantages of VATS is its reduced impact on the patient’s body compared to open thoracotomy. Patients undergoing VATS typically experience less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery times. Additionally, the smaller incisions used in VATS result in reduced scarring and a lower risk of complications such as infections or prolonged chest tube drainage. These benefits make VATS an excellent option for patients who may not tolerate more invasive surgery due to age or comorbid conditions, expanding the eligibility for surgical treatment of lung cancer.

Despite its advantages, VATS is not suitable for all lung cancer cases. It is most commonly used for early-stage cancers that have not spread extensively within the chest or to distant parts of the body. Advanced-stage tumors or cases involving significant lymph node involvement may still require traditional open surgery or alternative treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. The success of VATS depends on the expertise of the surgical team and the careful selection of patients based on the stage and characteristics of the cancer. As technology and surgical techniques continue to evolve, VATS is likely to play an even larger role in the multidisciplinary approach to lung cancer treatment.